Rules of Narration
Narration কাকে বলে?
আমরা মনের ভাব প্রকাশের জন্য যে কথা বলে থাকি তাহাই Speech/Narration.Narration ২ প্রকারঃ
1) Direct Narration (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি)
2) Indirect Narration (পরোক্ষ উক্তি)
1.Direct Narration: বক্তার কথা হুবহু উল্লেখ থাকলে তাকে Direct Narration বলে।
যেমনঃ
He said to me, "I will help you"
2.Indirect Narration:বক্তার নিজের উক্তি হুবহু উদধৃত না করে অন্যর কথায় প্রকাশ করলে তাকে Indirect Speech/ Narration বলে।
যেমনঃ
He told me that he would help me.
↓↓He said to me, ↓↓"I will help you."
Reporting verb Reported Speech
Rules of Changing Person:
1.Reported speech এ First person থাকলে তা Reporting verb এর Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হবে।
He said to me, "I will help you."
He told me that he would help me.
2.Reported Speech এ Second Person থাকলে Reporting verb এর Object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হবে।
He said to me, "You will help me."
He told me that I would help him.
3.Reported Speech এ Third Person থাকলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
He said to me, "Karim will help Rahim."
He told me that Karim would help Rahim.
Rules of Changing Tense:
1.Reporting Verb Present বা Future Tense হলে Reported Speech এর Tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না শুধু Person এর পরিবর্তন হয়।
2.Reporting verb Past Tense হলে Reported Speech এর Tense এর নিম্নলিখিত পরিবর্তন হয়ঃ
Present Indefinite Tense পরিবর্তন হয় Past Indefinite Tense এ।
Present Continuous Tense ,, ,, Past Continuous Tense ,,
Present Perfect Tense ,, ,, Past Perfect Tense ,,
Present Perfect Continuous ,, ,, Present Perfect Continuous ,,
Past Indefinite Tense ,, ,, Past Perfect Tense ,,
past Continuous Tense ,, ,, Past Perfect Continuous ,,
Note: Past Perfect Tense ও Past Perfect Continuous Tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
এছাড়া------
Shall/ Will পরিবর্তন হয় Would এ
Can ,, ,, Could ,,
May ,, ,, Might ,,
Must ,, ,, Had to ,,
Have to ,, ,, Had to ,,
Has to ,, ,, Had to,,
Change of Expression of Time and Place:
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
ago-------------- before tonight------------------ that night
come------------go tomorrow --------------- the next day/
the following day
here ------------ there last weekend ---------- the previous weekend
hence----------- thence Last night ------------- the previous night
hither ---------- thither last month/year--------- the previous month/year
now ------------ then Yesterday -------------- the previous day
next day------ following day tomorrow morning---- the following morning
today -------- that day
thus -------- so/in that way
this/it ------- that
this day ---- that day
Sentence অনুসারে Narration পরিবর্তনের নিয়মাবলী
Assertive,Interrogative, Imperative, Optative, Exclamatory
passage Narration
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